Staircase

00:00

In this video, we're gonna be focusing on and learning how to create the staircase you see on the screen. Now this staircase has been created using a variety of different tools and techniques that you'll learn inside of Shaper3D. Now the first one's gonna be creating a layout sketch. Then we're gonna use some patterning techniques. Next, we're gonna be using some rotational or rotating the geometry around. We're gonna create some reference sketches based upon existing bodies as well as edges. And then we're gonna be adjusting and modifying the design based upon the history.

00:30

Okay, visualization and applying some materials is yet another thing we're gonna be learning about. And we're gonna be jumping into that at the end of the video. Now, even if you're not creating a staircase or a model similar to this, we're gonna be learning all kinds of different things you can apply to a variety of different projects. So to get started, let's go ahead and close this one down here. So let's go ahead, I'm gonna bring the properties back over here. I'm gonna switch it back over here to show my items. Instead of the visualization mode, I'm gonna go back to modeling. You can see how everything kind of looks from the beginning. And then I'm gonna go ahead and start a new document just using Control N. And there it is.

01:26

First things first, I wanna create a couple of planes, which are gonna be my reference planes of where this thing is gonna be in space. I'm not gonna just create a staircase that's gonna be flying around or just sitting in space, not connecting anything. Obviously, you need to connect this to a building. But I'm gonna define that later on. So right now, let's go ahead and just go ahead and create a couple of references, right? So come down over here and I'm gonna go and I'm gonna start a couple of things. So first things first, notice we've got all these different tools that we've got down here. So you can go through all these different lists over here. You click on each one of these things. You've got the option to create a line, move, scale. Just wanna point out where all these things are here and we've got these construction things. So the first thing I wanna do is create a construction plane, click on that one right there. And I'm gonna choose the bottom surface right here.

01:56

Click okay, click on next. And the offset, I don't wanna make an offset at all, I just wanna leave it right at the ground floor. But because you're creating this, if you later wanna go and change the design, you can go back to the history and you can change and move that plane to move it up or down if needed, okay? Click okay, and there it is. So plane one shows up over here. And if I right click on it, I can say rename, I'm gonna call that floor. Okay, let's do it one more time. This time I wanna create a wall or surface that I'm gonna be drawing on.

02:26

So in this case, I'm gonna go ahead and come down here again. I'm gonna click on Add, Construction Plane. I'm gonna choose this one right over here and click on Next. I'm not gonna do an offset again, click on Done. This time I'm gonna say this is a wall, so I'm gonna right click on it, say Rename, and call wall, or wall, there it is. All right, so now we have everything we need to get started. So I wanna start drawing on that wall. So here's my wall, and let's go over here and start a sketch, click on Sketch.

02:54

Now you can see we're right in that mode. Okay, so let's go ahead and zoom out a little bit. And notice the grid's changing a little bit. And so it's 0.1 inches right now. And if you zoom in, zoom out, you notice at some point in time, that's gonna change. Notice it changed over here. So I can keep zooming out over here. And I wanna actually get out to one inch. So click on one inch here. And I'm gonna lock the grid size at one inch. So I'm always looking at that. I happen to be in the inch unit system, but of course, however you're designing, if you're in metric, that's fine.

03:23

But for this example, we're gonna be using inch, okay? And now I'm gonna go ahead and create a line. So I can hit, I can come over here and click on L or click on the line. So I'm gonna hit L on the keyboard, start right there at the origin, draw the line over here. I'm gonna draw one up over here, snap here and then snap down here, okay? Couple things I wanna grab. If I grab this over here, notice it can move it around. I don't want that to happen, right? So I wanna lock that in place. Same thing over here. I wanna be able to drag this in and out. So I'm clicking on that point and dragging it.

03:52

Making sure that's the functionality that I'm gonna get and that's exactly what I want. I can't push right or left, I can only go up and down and that's exactly what I'm looking for, okay? Now I need to define the height of the staircase, okay? So this is of course dependent upon how high you wanna make your stairs. So right over here, if I click on this line, if I click in this box, let's try it again, click over here, click on the box, I can type something in or if I double click in, I can actually get this little box that pops over here, so your choice. I can just type in a value, say like 120, that's the number that I'm looking for here.

04:22

And if I click on front over here, it's gonna zoom out. So I can come over here and get that zoomed out so it's looking kinda how I want it, right? Again, just center it up on the screen, look over here, I can drag it out, I can move it around, click on back normal to the screen, and that's what I'm kinda looking for, right? Something like that, okay? Now, next thing I'm gonna do is I'm gonna move that over here, I'm gonna drag this back out over here, and now I've got that 120. Now if that's not the value you want, you can also type in the value over here. Instead of typing in here though, if you click, I can type in something, and use this actually as a calculator. So I can say something like 104.625. That happens to be the length of a standard 625 is a standard pre-cut stud. Maybe you have a top plate or a bottom plate in your design. So you're gonna go and add like three inches in for that. You're gonna add in 1.5 inches for the other two by four.

05:17

And maybe have a joist or something like that. You can add something like a 16 inch in there. How about the flooring on the top, 0.75. Once you have all that stuff in that list here, hit enter, and it's gonna add all that up for you, and that's your final value, right? So you can get a value like that. Now for this example, I wanna go back to that 120, just so it makes the math a little bit easier, but you can figure out whatever that's gonna be in your own design. So let's go ahead and click on this again. I'm gonna say 120, and that's where we're at, okay?

05:46

Now keep in mind we also have this, we can still move it out. Now I wanna go ahead and design my very first tread. So I'm gonna zoom in right up here at this level over here, move it over here, zoom in right over here. All right, so that's where I'm gonna be at. I'm gonna hit R on the keyboard for rectangle, right? So I'm gonna drag out a rectangle, here's my rectangle, and I'm gonna make 1.5 as the height, hit Tab, and I'm gonna make 11.5 as the tread length, right? Hit Tab and hit Enter, okay?

06:15

So there is my tread. Now, the reason I chose those numbers is because that's exactly the size of a two by 12 in the States. Now, if your material is different, of course, make whatever thing you want. And you don't have to make this out of wood either, it could be metal or whatever material you happen to be using. It doesn't really matter as long as you define whatever that tread is gonna be. Now, I also don't want this line to actually stop right over here. So I'm gonna click on that line and hit delete. I don't want that guy there. All right, what I want is that first tread.

06:44

it can come all the way down to here. So I'm gonna click on line, I'm gonna grab that top point here and snap. Okay, and then zoom back over here, make sure we got the right point, looks pretty good. All right, now I'm gonna go ahead and define that next tread. So I'm gonna use the rectangle command one more time, click on this on the actual line, right? So the front's gonna be the same and then click. And then I'm gonna hit escape and I'm gonna say, hey, this line over here, I'm gonna hold down shift on the keyboard here and go ahead and select that one over there. I'm gonna say, hey, these guys are equal.

07:13

They're the same length. Same thing over here, I'm gonna say the top of that one and I'm gonna hold down shift again and say hey, these guys are equal as well. And now that second tread, you can see here, if I click on it, I can drag it around. And notice it's rotating a little bit. We don't want that, right? Something's wrong there, we don't want that. So we wanna click on that top line and say, hey, this is actually gonna be horizontal, right? Same thing up here, just make sure we're locking these things down so it's horizontal. Now if I click on it, I should be able to drag it around.

07:42

And define where that second tread's gonna be, right? Now we're gonna focus on nosing, right? So that's how far this tread sticks over that tread over there. So I can define that by just clicking on like a line here, like the front of that first tread, hold down Shift, select that second tread, and notice it pops up a little box here. So I don't want 1.5, I actually just want one inch. So I'm gonna define the nosing or how much it's sticking over by one inch. And notice that also changes where this line is. So now this is defined by the length of the tread and then the height. But notice we haven't defined the height, right? So we can still move this up and down, right? So if you don't know what's going on or you don't know where we're constrained, grab it and try to move it around and see what's going on. So in this case, I wanna define how high each tread is. So a rule of thumb for doing that is to take whatever measurement of the height of the staircase and divide that by 7.5. 7.5 is about kind of the average step from one step to the next, right?

08:41

And that'll tell you how many treads you're gonna have. So in this case, we're gonna have 16th. I'm gonna make 120 divided by 7.5. Happens to be exactly 16. I kinda picked that number to make it easy for us here. But if your number is a more complicated number, that's fine. Whatever that's gonna be, it doesn't matter. We're just gonna go ahead and define it right here. So I'm gonna choose the top of this tread here, hold down Shift, top of that tread right there. Notice it already happens to be 7.5, perfect. But if it didn't, type over here, hit Enter, and now I've defined that. So now that whole tread is ready to go.

09:10

Okay, hit escape, I'm out of that. I'm gonna rotate this around a little bit, so I'm looking kinda at the side of it. And you can do that by holding down shift by the way, and just kinda rotating your middle, or holding down your middle mouse button. You notice I'm getting a little bit of weird motion there. So I like to sometimes make, keep horizontal, the horizon level here, you can turn that on or off, your choice. You can also change a couple other things over here as far as how you wanna look at things as far as the views.

09:39

Okay, now I wanna click on just that first tread. I wanna drag that tread out, right? So that's gonna be my first tread. I happen to be using 48 inches. Hit enter on your keyboard, and now you can see there is what I got, right? So there's my very first tread. Pretty nice. Now what I wanna do is I wanna define the rest of the treads, and we wanna make a pattern for that. So to make the pattern, we really wanna be able to see that original sketch. And notice here's our sketch over here, and it's turned off or it's hidden. So I turn that back on. Now I can see this, you know, where it is.

10:09

And I can define what the length is. The problem is, is I don't know how far it is from this point down to that point. Right, so you could come measure it if you wanted to, or you can go back and jump into that sketch, and I can define a measurement, right? So I could say, hey, let's go click on normal to that again, and come over here, I'm gonna choose that point right there. Hold down shift, pick up that point right there, and notice my measurement is 12.9035, right? So that is the length from one tread at a diagonal from one to the next, so 90.35. Let's go ahead and just write that down somewhere else. So I'm gonna say, I'm gonna write 12.9035 just on a little notepad here. And now I'm ready to go.

11:06

Okay, so back over here, we're looking at this in 3D at this time, right? We've got the length. Now what I wanna do is create a pattern. So here, I come down here, go down to transform, and I wanna go to pattern. Click on pattern. And what I want to pattern, this thing right here, this body, that's the body I want to pattern. And I don't want to just go in a rectangular fashion. I actually want to go at this diagonal angle here, right? So how am I gonna do that? So I'm gonna hold down Shift a little bit and middle mouse button so I can rotate this around a little bit. Now grab that little center point. I'm gonna drag it over till I actually get to that line. So notice as soon as I get on that line, it changes the arrows, right? So go away, come back to the line and bam.

11:34

Right, so now that pattern is following that sketch line because I have the sketch one shown right now, okay? Now, if I grab the arrow, I can drag this down and notice I defined whatever that length is. My spacing, I wanna use that number, 12.9035, right? That's my spacing from one to the next. Now the quantity, if I hit Tab, it's gonna go over here to quantity, I'm gonna put 16, right, and hit Enter. And that's all I need to do.

12:04

Click on the green check or the blue check box, and there it is. So there are my stairs from top to bottom. Pretty straightforward. Now, because we've got the sketch shown, let's go ahead and just kind of hide that right now. We don't want to see all that. So there is a pretty straightforward and simple set of stairs. But what if you wanted to rotate them? What if you wanted this to kind of break somewhere in the middle here and go off in a different direction? Well, that's fine. So let's go ahead and look over here what we have. So as far as the linear pattern one, if I click down here, I can see

12:33

Here are the different bodies that make that up. So I'm gonna choose which steps I wanna rotate around. So I'm gonna hold down Shift and I'm gonna go ahead and just select a bunch of these steps. That looks like a good amount. It doesn't matter how many you wanna choose. It's your design, however you wanna rotate it is fine. So those are the ones I wanna rotate. Now I wanna come down here and I want to create a rotation on this thing.

12:59

All right, so move or rotate, actually no, more. Down here, we wanna rotate around axis. That's what we wanna do. Click on rotate around axis. And the axis I wanna rotate around is gonna be this little corner of this tread. So I'm gonna zoom in right there, grab that little corner there, and then zoom back out. And you can see if I click on this little arrow here, I can drag and rotate this around.

13:29

And I get right to 90 degrees, click okay, and there we have it, right? So there are our treads and they're looking pretty good. Now I need a landing there, right? So I come into the first steps and then I need a landing here, then I turn and go back up these other steps over here. So that landing pretty much wants to be right at the top of this tread, right? So we're gonna use the top of that tread as our drawing board. Click on that and click on sketch. It's gonna spin around, so we're looking directly at that. Right, and I wanna use a rectangle. So click on a rectangle, I wanna use.

13:57

This corner over here, so I'm gonna snap to that corner, and I'm gonna come right over here, and I want to make sure that I'm snapping over here. Now I wanna snap to the back edge, right, so I'm gonna snap there, but notice, I'm a little bit far on this side over here, that's okay. Hit Escape and then drag that so it snaps back over here, and so now without any dimensions at all, I snap to this corner, I snap to that corner, that's all I need, let's go ahead and extrude it. Let's go ahead and hit E on the keyboard, that's gonna allow us to get into the kind of extrude mode here.

14:27

And notice I can click on this and click or drag it up or down, right? So I'm gonna drag this down four inches, click okay. Right, so there's my landing looking pretty good, right? So now I'm making four inches, that might be like a four by four, that might be some other material. I'm not sure, if you're making that up four by four, you might be make three and a half. It doesn't really matter. Some distance is all you need for that landing. Now what I wanna do is I wanna draw on the bottom of the landing.

14:56

Right, so that's the face I wanna draw on over here. But I don't wanna look at all this other stuff, so I'm gonna hide some of this other stuff, just turn it off. Here's that linear pattern, just hide it for right now. Click on the bottom there, and I want to create a sketch. So here's my sketch, right? Spin it around, and now I'm looking at the bottom here. So hit the R key for rectangle, and I wanna click on that bottom corner there. And before you click and place the rectangle, notice it shows up as an active little input box. So click on 3.5, and hit Tab, and click on 3.5 again.

15:25

And then hit enter, and then that's my first little square over there, do the same thing over here, 3.5. Right there, 3.5, tab, 3.5, enter. Same thing on the top, right corner here, drag it out. All right, 3.5, tab, 3.5. You're getting the picture here, right? So, last one here, and again, I'm referencing that corner, right? So, 3.5.

15:55

And Tab and 3.5, okay? And there are my four little squares in the corners, okay? Now escape out of that, and then you can hit Extrude again, right? So I wanna Extrude, and what I wanna Extrude, I want that corner, that corner, this corner, and this corner. Those are all the ones that I wanna Extrude out. And if I spin my model around a little bit, I wanna Extrude it down a direction, right? Well, where do I wanna go? So I could say, hey, let's just make some little feet, right, that's fine.

16:23

And you can just type in the value or you can measure the value. But let's just drag it down on arbitrary amount right now and click on okay. Right, now over here in the history bar, notice here's that extrusion, right? And if you click on the, the troll down here, so notice that the distance is my extent. But I can also switch to an object, right? So in object, and the object I wanna bring it down to is the floor, here's the floor. We created that the very first thing. That's why I created that original, that plane because I can just extrude down to it, right click on that and bam, it's gonna allow me to bring that down as my selection. But over here.

17:01

Let's escape out of that. So here's my extrusion, I'm twirling down to it. I need to go ahead and click on select first. So up to object, select. What I'm gonna go down to is gonna be the floor, right? Notice that it updates the model. Click okay, we're done, right? And so now that's bringing that all the way down. So if we were to choose a different stair for something like that, that's fine, right? Because it's always just gonna bring it all the way down to the floor, right? So it makes it a little bit more robust of a design. And same thing over here is, as far as the union.

17:30

Right, I want actually, I don't want this to be all one body. I wanna make it a new body, right? So these are all gonna be four individual bodies, which are gonna be like four by fours on the corner of this little platform here. So that's why I can always go back to this little history bar and go back and modify and adjust things as needed. Now let's go ahead and bring back all of those other stairs. So, as soon as I click on that there, I can spin that around now. And now I've got my first set of stairs, the landing, more stairs this way here.

17:59

But of course these stairs can't just be floating in space. I need to create some type of a stinger, something that's gonna mount all these stairs to where they're gonna be. Now I wanna create some what's called reference geometry. I'm gonna use where the stairs happen to be right now to create the shape that I'm looking for. So right over here, let's go ahead and choose this first step and click on Sketch. It spins it around and now I'm looking right at the edge.

18:27

Of the steps here and I'm gonna jump into the line command. My very first line, I'm just gonna click on the end point here, just bring it up, snap, snap, bring it down right over here, I'm gonna snap it over here and then come down all the way to where the stairs are, right, and I'm gonna make sure that I'm snapping to where the side of the stairs are. And then of course snap over here to the bottom of that step and I'm just gonna keep doing this little kind of zigzag motion all the way up. And you know, sometimes you might miss click here.

18:56

It's pretty easy to do, but make sure you're kind of getting that purple line saying that it is vertical and you are getting a snap right to where you're trying to go. So I'm gonna snap there, snap there, and we're gonna snap there, there. And of course, we can speed this up if we wanted to. But if you have 100 stairs, you might be here for a while. Luckily, we have a fairly short staircase. But you can see here, as I'm getting back up to the shape, boom.

19:24

Now I've created one enclosed boundary, right? So my stairs go all the way to the top, all the way to the bottom. Now we need a couple other things. So let's go back into the line command. I'm gonna snap a line from over here. Let's see, let's zoom in a little bit. And let's see if I can click here and I can snap down here. So there's my line. And I'm gonna say, hey, this line here actually is gonna be a construction line. So I'm gonna use this line here and say, make construction, right? So now I've just got this line. And what I wanna do is I wanna make sure

19:54

So I'm gonna click on that line there. I'm gonna hold down Shift and select this line here. I'm gonna say, hey, these two guys, they're parallel, right? That's one piece of wood that's gonna be made out of this thing. And then I need to define the length between or the width of this. And look, notice over here, I've got this value here. I can go in here and click on there. And I want this to be 11.5, which happens to be the width of a two by 12. Click OK. And now I've defined that width, right? So that's the widest it can be. And those little steps.

20:23

You're gonna have to cut out of that piece of two by 12. Okay, once that all looks pretty good, right now I'm gonna exit out of that, I'm gonna spin it around so I'm looking at it, and now I'm gonna choose that boundary, right? I'm gonna drag that onto 3D space, and the length I wanna go is 1.5, right?

20:41

Oh, something got messed up there, hold on. Click on this, let's just try that one more time. Okay, exit out of the sketch. Here's my sketch that I just created, right? And I wanna go in and create an extrude. So here's my extrude, I wanna drag it out. I'm gonna type in 1.5.

21:00

And I wanna make sure that I'm not creating a subtraction. I wanna create a new body, right? So I'm gonna turn to 1.5, there it is, and then click on OK. Well, somehow or another, it still kept the nine inches, right? That's not what we wanted, but guess what? We've got this history bar over here, right? So click on the history bar down here as far as the distance, right? I don't want nine inches, right? For some reason, it really wanted me to be negative nine inches.

21:27

But I can go back over here and type in negative 1.5 and fix the model back to where we were and it saves the day, right? So now we're back to what exactly I want, right? So there's my first stinger and now we wanna pattern it, right? So here's my pattern. I wanna choose this body here, body 22 is the one we want to pattern and come down here so we click on pattern, right? And I want a pattern at this direction here. So I got three of them. And the, you know, obviously you're gonna have to do a little bit of math here depending on the width.

21:56

You're gonna need, so in this case, it's 23.25 inches to get it perfect. And you want three, click OK, and there you have it. But again, somehow or another, it must have picked up the wrong value. So go back again, that's why we have this history bar, right? And my spacing, that negative 23.25, go back and fix it. We can fix it right there in the history bar, which makes that really handy, right? Because of course, if you click on the wrong thing in the model, or you accidentally hit escape, or something like that,

22:26

Having that history bar really will save the day and makes it really nice to be able to go back and fix the model, right? Cause you're never gonna make a model, everything perfect, right? You're gonna always have to go back and change it around a little bit. Same thing. Okay, so once we've got that first set of stairs up here, let's do the same thing over here, right? I'm gonna choose this side over here. Go ahead and create a sketch, spin it around, and I'm gonna do exactly the same thing over here. So I'm gonna create a line, click on the line, and I'm gonna snap from here to here, snap over here, snap somewhere over here.

22:56

This time I'm gonna go all the way down to the ground, right? So the ground happens to be right over here. If I click on that point and I drag it out, it gives me like a little helper line, check that out. And then go back over here and snap back to the bottom of that leg. And I wanna turn that little line into a construction line. So here's what he's just helping us out, making sure that the bottom of our stairs actually is gonna be at the floor, right? So then let's go back over here, grab the align command again. I'm gonna of course snap,

23:26

Let's make sure we got that right. So click on that again. Snap there. Come over here, snap. And we wanna make sure we're one inch off that nosing. We have to come back and change that. But go ahead and just start snapping to the stairs as you go. Right, so come over here, come up here. And what's cool about this is you're referencing all this geometry, right? So if those stairs move, right, you're not putting any values in. There's no hard typed in dimensions.

23:55

You're just snapping to the bottom of wherever that stair happens to be. So it allows it to be a dynamic model and update as needed. Okay, same thing over here. Create the line, snap from here to here. I'm gonna turn that line into construction line. And I wanna make that line this one here. And hold down shift, this guy down here. Again, they're gonna be parallel. And then I wanna create a dimension from this guy over to this line over here. And...

24:25

That's gonna be our 11.5 inches. 11.5, there it is. Okay, why is this? For some reason, this is doing something weird for me. I'm not sure exactly why. It's giving me.

24:42

Maybe let's do some math, 11.5. Okay, all right, so there it is. Okay, so now we got the right value in here. And now the last thing we wanna do is come down here and make sure that we put the value here. So I've got a line here, hold on shift, this line over here and set it 1.5, let's type one inch and bam. Now, if you made any errors during this process, if you didn't click or snap to each one of these lines or something like that, that's okay, right? We can always come back and modify and get the shape that we're looking for.

25:09

if we made any changes or if we made any mistakes, right? But once you're done, hit escape, and now we've got that same shape we had before. Looks pretty good. And of course, I'm gonna go and choose that shape, drag that one out. I'm gonna type in 1.5 and click OK. This time it worked perfectly. Magic, magic. And then this time I wanna pattern it again, right? So I'm gonna go over here and I'm gonna say, hey, let's jump into the pattern command, right? And I wanna drag it out. Wait, make sure we're choosing the body.

25:39

Here's the body, okay. Try it again, that body. And come down here to the pattern, choose a pattern, drag it out, there it is. And 23.25 should still be the number. Okay, tab three instances of it. And that looks good, okay. And now we have it, right? So there are our stairs. Now of course, these stairs are just not attached to anything yet, right? So you gotta go build the rest of the building.

26:06

but that's a little bit too much scope for this video we have right here. So of course, imagine you've got a wall here or some second story here in your design. Of course, we're gonna need some type of railings and to finish this thing off. So there's a lot of things we're gonna have to add onto that and we're gonna be focusing on some of those things in future videos. But for right now, we've learned quite a bit, right? We've learned how to pattern, how to use some reference geometry, how to create things based upon other things and have it being dynamic, right? So it's a very powerful model.

26:35

that we've created here and these skills and techniques can be used for a variety of different types of designs. But before we finish up, I wanna add some visualization. I want this thing to look good. We wanna make it out of wood right now, right? Or you can make it out of metal. I mean, if this is, it's designed right now, wood, but I mean, these same techniques could be easily used for creating this out of metal, right? But first things first, let's go over and do some visualization, right? So if you click on this little icon up here, it says modeling, I can go down to visualization

27:05

Visualization mode, and now I can drag and drop materials. So here's my materials, and I can drag them if I just drag something like an ABS glossy over to a part. And it looks great here, it shows up in this red, it's plastic, but you probably don't wanna make a plastic staircase, right? So you probably wanna go down here and let's look at something instead of all materials. I'm gonna choose wood, and down here is forest type of wood. Probably gonna make this out of something like a Douglas fir. So here's.

27:32

Douglas Fur Board. Now you can drag that over here and apply it to one individual body, right? That's fine. Or you can go over here and say all items. Instead of all items, I wanna click on bodies, right? I can choose the top here and I can hold down shift and select all of these, like everybody here. That's fine. I can just say, hey, let's change that. And I want them all to be Doug Fur. Boom. And now I've applied that material to all of those individual shapes.

28:00

And that's as easy it is. Right now I can go over here and say, hey, let's make an environment. Let's say, hey, how about this black environment or this colored wood? Or click on any of these different environments to get those different shapes or different looks you might be looking for on your staircase. So I think that's the one I use from my example. So now we have that finished up. We've got a nice set of stairs. And now we can move on to the next part of the process. We're probably gonna be creating the railings or finishing it off or something like that. But...

28:26

That is it for this tutorial. Hopefully you liked it, hopefully you learned something. And you know, the power of Shaper3D is really having the ability to connect, you know, one sketch to another sketch or to another body and creating that or using that history as well. So you can go back and modify and use that information that's in your model to create a robust structure that you can use in a variety of different applications.